Aimsweb reading fluency norms

CBM-Written Expression Fluency Measures: How to Access Resources. Teachers who wish to screen their students in basic writing skills can obtain these free CBM-Written Expression assessment resources: (1) materials for assessment, (2) guidelines for administration and scoring, and (3) research-based norms. Materials for assessment. Schools can ...

Aimsweb reading fluency norms. Indirect effects were also observed for kindergarten LNF and LSF growth on reading fluency in second and third grades. Implications for kindergarten assessment and instruction are discussed ...

Complete a Student Search using the filter. Select the student by selecting the information "i" icon to the left of the student's name. Use the drop-down menu to select Survey Level Assessment under the Students menu. To create an assessment select New on the upper-right side of the screen. Select the. measure type and the next lower ...

All early numeracy measures, except for concepts & applications, are one-minute timed measures that assess a student’s fluency in foundational math skills. The CA measure is an untimed, standards-based measure – delivered in both kindergarten and grade one – that has students mentally solve various types of math problems and state the ...Teachers might select Total Words Written as a progress-monitoring target if the student needs to focus on writing fluency (getting more words onto the page). ... CBM-Written Expression Fluency Norms: The norms include fluency benchmarks for grades 1-6 (Malecki & Jewell, 2003) and growth norms for grades 1-4 (Tadatada, 2011).As student fluency increases, so does their comprehension. When students are reading at just the right pace, they are able to pay attention to the text better. If they are reading too slow and disjointed, it is hard for them to focus on the text. If they are reading too fast, they are rushing and it's again hard to capture meaning from the ... 5. AIMSweb’s Curriculum-Based Measurement (CBM) tests typically are based on these rich tasks that are validated as “vital signs” or “indicators” of general basic skill outcomes like general reading ability or writing ability. 6. AIMSweb’s CBM tests are consistent with the CCSS, especially with the K–5 Reading and Writing Standards. aimswebPlus is a brief and valid assessment system for screening and monitoring reading and math skills for all students in Kindergarten through Grade 8. Normative data were collected in 2013-14 on a combination of fluency measures that are sensitive to growth and new standards-based assessments of classroom skills.Published by ! Behavioral Research and Teaching University of Oregon • 175 Education 5262 University of Oregon • Eugene, OR 97403-5262 Phone: 541-346-3535 • Fax: 541-346-5689Top tips for LGBTQ travel for 2021, from where to go, Pride events, and how to travel safely in 2021. Travel in 2021 will be the definition of queer. It will defy norms, and the on...

AIMSweb Plus Target Scores. Grade. Screener; Fall Target (26; th-74; th %ile Average) ... Oral Reading Fluency. 134-179. 135-180. 138-184. Silent Reading Fluency. 123 ... Dec 12, 2018 · The Aimsweb National Norms Tables are an invaluable resource for educators and school administrators. The tables provide an objective assessment of a student's performance compared to other students nationwide, allowing for a more accurate evaluation of a student's academic progress. The tables also provide information on state-level ... View the results of the updated 2017 study on visual write fluency (ORF) by Jan Hasbrouck and Gerald Tindal, use compiled ORF norms for grades 1-6. You'll also find an analyses from like the 2017 norms differ from the 2006 norms.Meanwhile, AIMSweb wants them to read 92 and Scholastic 94. As for fluency norms, when Hasbrouk and Tindal updated their oral reading fluency norms in 2017, they found that springtime 2nd graders falling in the center percentiles (25th to 75th) read between 72 and 124 words per minute. That's a pretty wide range.AIMSweb Benchmarking. AIMSweb is a web-based assessment, data management, and reporting system that provides the framework for Response to Intervention (RTI) and multi-tiered instruction. Designed specifically to universally screen and progress monitor. Uses brief, reliable, and valid General Outcome Measures of math and reading performance for ...Fluency is reading expressively with accuracy and at a good pace. It is one of the key components of learning to read. It is the progression from developing automatic word recognition skills to comprehension. Dr Deslea Konza defines fluency as the ability to read text accurately, quickly and with expression.decoding, reading fluency (rate and accuracy), reading comprehension, spelling, and rapid naming Virginia Required reading screening in K-3 must include phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and reading comprehension. Instruments must include assessment of the core deficits of dyslexia, such as phonological

aimswebPlusTM provides benchmarking and progress monitoring for PreK-12 foundational reading and math skills, as well as screeners for dyslexia and behavior. Using aimswebPlus, schools can now identify and group at-risk students early, monitor and report student progress, and predict performance on grade level expectations. aimswebPlus builds ...2) teachers make more informed instructional decisions. 3) documentation of student progress is available. 4) communication improves between families and professionals about student progress. 5) teachers have higher expectations for their students. 6) there is a decrease in special education referrals. Overall, progress monitoring is relevant ...Aimsweb 6th Grade - Displaying top 8 worksheets found for this concept. Some of the worksheets for this concept are Aimsweb roi growth norms, Comprehension questions for aimsweb reading passages grade 7, Writing curriculum based measurement, Project proact maze reading passages, 10 3 12 9 4, Student teacher date, Grade 6 mathematics practice ...aimsWeb Group National Norms Fall Score 495-650 468-494 397-467 366-396 202-365 431 53.66 2898 Print Date: 9/26/2018 Pg. 1 of 1 Report Norms Table Grade Grade %ile Test READB W ROI 0.5 0.86 0.4 1.08 2.43 Spring Score 523-655 487-522 411-486 382-410 207-381 449.6 56.86 2995 0.29 0.55 1.15 1.68 Winter Score 511-654 476-510 403-475 374 …Reading chart fluency oral rate rates andrews mrs readnaturally knowledgebase documents resources linkA teacher's guide to fluency Aimsweb oral reading fluency norms chart 2021Understanding, fluency …

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An Update to Compiled ORF Norms Oral reading fluency (ORF) is one of several curriculum-based measures (CBM) originally ... In fact, Pearson, Inc., publisher of the AIMSweb® CBM assessment, refused to provide access to any of their data “due to the changes in student data privacy laws nationwide” (D. Baird, personal communication, …and AIMSweb have established their own recommended benchmarks by com-piling scores from students. Other bench-marking tools, such as The Reading Fluency Benchmark Assessor, use the oral reading fluency norms compiled by Jan Hasbrouck and Gerald Tindal (Hasbrouck & Tindal, 2006) (see Figure 1). Continued on page 20 Using Oral Reading FluencyAimsweb oral reading fluency norms chart 2021Do's and don'ts for teaching reading fluency Oral reading fluency chartAimsweb oral reading fluency norms chart 2021. Aimsweb Oral Reading Fluency Norms Chart 2021 - read.iesanfelipe.edu.pe Check Details The lexile level chartIt's completely normal, but it's also important that you address it with your partner. Everything seems better at the beginning of a relationship, but especially the sex. Impromptu...

CBM Passage Reading Fluency (PRF) is used to monitor students' overall progress in reading at Grades 1-6. Some teachers prefer Maze Fluency beginning at Grade 4. CBM PRF is administered individually. In general education classrooms, students take one PRF test each week.... AimsWeb assessments. (printed chart from the ... -Word Reading Fluency. -Oral Reading Fluency. DRA ... Read proficiently based on grade level norms, Benchmark on ...Oral Reading Fluency (ORF) Number of words in a story that students read correctly in one minute. 2-5: Reading Comprehension (RC) Number of correct responses to multiple choice reading comprehension questions about six short passages. 2-5: Vocabulary (VOC) Number of correct responses to multiple choice questions about meanings of target words. 4-5Curriculum-Based Measurement (CBM) is one method teachers can use to find out how students are progressing in basic academic areas such while math, reading, writing, and spelling. CBM can be helpful to teachers and parents because it provides current, week-by-week information on the progress their children are create.Paired Practice – Oral Reading Fluency – P. 4 ... National Aggregate Norms. (All identifying information ... AIMSweb Aggregate Norm Table. An Introductory Look ...To identify students with a Significant Reading Deficiency (SRD), educators using the aimswebPlus measures should use the cut scores shown in the table below. For each grade and season, students scoring. below. the cut score are identified as having a Significant Reading Deficiency. When two measures are listed in a given testing season ...performance and growth norms for the screening and progress monitoring of math and reading skills for all students in Kindergarten through Grade 8. aimswebPlus uses two types of measures: curriculum-based measures (CBMs)—brief, timed measures of fluency on essential basic skills—and standards-based These percentile norms are based on the AIMSweb national sample for Kindergarten through Grade 8. (For details, see AIMSweb National Norms Technical Documentation at www.aimsweb.com, under Research Articles and Information on the Resources menu.)

View the ergebnis of this updated 2017 study on pointed reading fluency (ORF) by Jan Hasbrouck and Geralda Tindal, with combined ORF norms for classes 1-6. You'll also find an analysis concerning how who 2017 norms differ from the 2006 norms. Miss to prime content ...

Title: The 2018 NAEP Oral Reading Fluency Study. Description: The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) has released two reports based on the 2018 NAEP Oral Reading Fluency (ORF) study: a brief highlights report and a longer statistical analysis report. This statistical report presents detailed information about the 2018 NAEP ORF ...Reading progress fluency chart monitoring minute solution oral intervention elementary six teaching dyslexia strategies teacher education activities stuff graph dataAimsweb oral reading fluency norms chart 2021 Aimsweb oral reading fluency norms chart 2021.. Check Details. Check Details. Reading Fluency Norms | Pennington Publishing Blog. Check ...Reading chart fluency oral rate rates andrews mrs readnaturally knowledgebase documents resources linkA teacher's guide to fluency Aimsweb oral reading fluency norms chart 2021Understanding, fluency norms chart: teachers can use this chart, the.The Aimsweb National Norms Table is an invaluable tool for educators, psychologists, and other professionals in the field of education. The table is designed to provide a comprehensive overview of the performance of students across the United States, offering data-driven insights into how different age groups are faring in terms of their academic achievement.This article presents an historical framework of fluency assessment and instruction, while at the same time advocating for a broader definition of fluency itself. Practical suggestions are made that seek to align reading rate and accuracy, alongside expression and comprehension, with the goal of developing "real" readers.of AIMSweb TEL scores to reading success in Grade 2 as measured by adequate R-CBM performance. He identified the raw scores on Letter Sound Fluency (by grade and period) that predicted success, and these are consistently close to the 35th percentile on the new AIMSweb National Norms. AIMSweb. Grade 1 Measure Risk September November January May Phoneme Segmenting and Blending* Students must reach 12 words correct on the Blending and Segmenting tests to be considered phonemically aware. Nonsense Word Fluency Low 50 ↑ 80 ↑ Moderate 30 -49 52 79 High 29 ↓ 51 ↓ Oral Reading Fluency Low Optional (gated: see “Note” below) About Us Contact Customer Support Contact Sales Log In. Log in with

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2) teachers make more informed instructional decisions. 3) documentation of student progress is available. 4) communication improves between families and professionals about student progress. 5) teachers have higher expectations for their students. 6) there is a decrease in special education referrals. Overall, progress monitoring is relevant ...One teacher, Lorraine Wiebe Griffith, implemented Readers Theatre and tracked the progress of her at risk students' reading gains over a three year period. The at risk students were averaging a 1.2 year reading gain with only curriculum based material (Griffith & Rasinski, 2004). At the end of the three year period which included incorporating readers theatre, the at risk students were ...It's driving a whole new wave of interest in mobile payments. Only a small fraction of consumers have used Apple Pay, but a new retail report suggests Apple is helping move the nee... Reading-CBM Oral reading of a grade-appropriate narrative fiction passage of 150 to 400 words. For screening , three probes are administered. The final score is the median score on the three probes. The score for a probe is the number of words read correctly; the number of errors is also recorded. Development: The oral reading passages are derived aimsWeb Test Group National Norms Fall Score 48-49 38-44 32-37 0-31 38.5 9.31 2000 Winter Score Print Date: 9/26/201 8 Report Norms Table Grade PLUS Grade W ROI Spring Score W SROI F + S ROI 90-99 Welt Above Average 75-89 Above Average 26-74 Average I I -25 Below AverageStudents or Teachers can quickly record and chart the results of each Silent Reading Fluency test. Progress can be easily tracked by students. Total Pages. 1 page. Answer Key. N/A. Teaching Duration. N/A. Report this resource to TPT. Reported resources will be reviewed by our team.5. AIMSweb's Curriculum-Based Measurement (CBM) tests typically are based on these rich tasks that are validated as "vital signs" or "indicators" of general basic skill outcomes like general reading ability or writing ability. 6. AIMSweb's CBM tests are consistent with the CCSS, especially with the K-5 Reading and Writing Standards.Curriculum-Based Measurement: Sample Measures and Norms. CBM Type. Online CBM Usage. CBM Directions & Compliance. CBM: Letter Name Fluency & Letter Sound Fluency Letter Name Fluency Wind LNF/LSF: Directions & Norms: CBM: Oral Reading Fluency. Reading Passage Dynamo ***Updated ORF Norms: Hasbrouck & Tindal, 2017*** Oral Reading Fluency ...ORAL READING FLUENCY NORMS Grades 1-8 2005 Compiled by Jan Hasbrouck, Ph.D. & Gerald Tindal, Ph.D. FALL WINTER SPRING GRADE PERCENTILE WCPM WCPM WCPM 90 81 111 75 47 82 1 50 23 53 25 12 28 ... Oral Reading Fluency: 90 Years of Assessment (BRT Technical Report No. 33), Eugene, OR: Author.Thus, they may lead astray our understanding of struggling readers' reading fluency development and instructional needs. Fluency is a complicated construct. The author discusses a deeper view of fluency and presents critical aspects of a deeper view that are missing from one-minute assessments—namely, reasons for dysfluency and the effects of ... ….

results of Curriculum-Based Measurement (CBM) in early literacy, reading, and spelling. • AIMSweb Benchmarkmanages, evaluates, reports, and charts the results of three times per year school benchmark assessments for all students Grades K-8. • AIMSweb Progress Monitorallows teachers to monitor students at risk or those students with Hasbrouck & Tindal (2017) From Hasbrouck, J. & Tindal, G. (2017). An update to compiled ORF norms (Technical Report No. 1702). Eugene, OR. Behavioral Research and Teaching, University of Oregon. *WCPM = Words Correct Per Minute. Although these are user norms and not national norms, they provide basic contextual information about student . performance in the fall, winter, and spring, and growth between various term pairs including fall to winter, fall to spring, and winter to spring on the MAP Reading Fluency Foundational Skills assessments. Differences between user ... Here are some FAQs regarding aimsweb Early Numeracy and Oral Reading Fluency administration. Number Comparison Fluency-Pairs (NCF-P): Is it okay for a student to simply point to the correct answer (rather than vocalize the answer)? Students should point to the bigger number in each number pair as they name the number in NCF-P.of AIMSweb TEL scores to reading success in Grade 2 as measured by adequate R-CBM performance. He identified the raw scores on Letter Sound Fluency (by grade and period) that predicted success, and these are consistently close to the 35th percentile on the new AIMSweb National Norms.Learn what reading fluency is, why it is critical to make sure that students have sufficient fluency, ... (2006, April). ORF norms: A valuable assessment tool for reading teachers. The Reading Teacher, 59(7), 636-644. Hintze, J.M. and Christ, T.J. (2004). An examination of variability as a function of passage variance in CBM progress monitoring ...All Early Numeracy measures were standardized in this manner and following this rule maintains the integrity of test scores and their relationship to national norms. How should we discontinue the 2 nd ORF probe for students who get fewer than 10 correct on the 1 st probe?aimswebPlus® is an assessment, data management, and reporting system that provides national and local performance and growth norms for the screening and progress monitoring of math and reading skills for all students in Kindergarten through Grade 8. aimswebPlus uses two types of measures: curriculum-based measures (CBMs)—brief, timed measures of fluency on essential basic skills—and ...Aimsweb oral reading fluency norms chart 2021 Oral reading fluency (orf) Oral reading fluency norms grades 1-6. PPT - Developing Fluency: Theory, Research and Practice PowerPoint. Aimsweb table norms fluency national curriculum growth reading measurement multi based Aimsweb national norms table rcbm Reading fluency norms. Aimsweb reading fluency norms, AIMSWeb is a web-based solution for universal screening, progress monitoring, and data management for Grades K-12. AIMSWeb provides guidance to administrators and teachers based on accurate, continuous, and direct student assessment. ... Word Reading Fluency: K, 1: Read a word list aloud for 1 minute. Oral Reading Fluency: 1:, 1 AIMSweb National Hi School Norms This document provides national high school standardization for your Grade 8 AIMSweb measures: Ablesen Curriculum-Based Measurement (R CBM) Reading Laze (Maze) (WE), comprised of (TWW), (CWS), (WSC) Mathematics Concepts and Request (M CAP) Mathematics Calculating (M COMP) These percentile norms refine aforementioned performance of the national population of ..., Hard skills are abilities that one can teach, and one’s aptitude can be measured and defined; some examples include typing, reading and fluency with software programs. Hard and sof..., West Shore School District Year: 2017-2018 AIMSweb® National Norms Table MAZE - Comprehension Fall Winter Spring Grade %ile Num RC Num RC Num RC Group ROI, Feb 28, 2015 ... Aimsweb - what can you tell me? Thread starter ... Good readers will do well on reading fluency ... norms. If a teacher scored Accomplished on ..., Kindergarten: Letter Naming Fluency and Letter Word Sounds Fluency Grade 1: Oral Reading Fluency Grades 2 and 3: Oral Reading Fluency, Vocabulary, and Reading Comprehension In aimswebPlus, tiers and corresponding cut scores are constructed from . user-defined . end-of-year performance targets. Performance targets are based on national ... , aimswebPlus is a brief and valid assessment system for screening and monitoring reading and math skills for all students in Kindergarten through Grade 8. Normative data were collected in 2013-14 on a combination of fluency measures that are sensitive to growth and new standards-based assessments of classrooms skills., Mrs. Chandler consults AIMSweb reading-fluency research norms and finds that a reasonable minimum reading rate for students by winter of grade 4 (25th percentile) is 89 WRC. Because Randy's reading fluency rate is so far below the grade-level norms (a gap of 54 WRC), his teacher decides to conduct a Survey Level Assessment, The male ego is influenced by several factors, including societal norms. Knowing these factors can help you better understand. Knowing what influences the male ego can help you und..., 'Curriculum­Based Measurement' (CBM). For example, aimsweb's reading measures include oral reading fluency probes for calculating the number of words correctly read aloud in one minute. Multiple studies have demonstrated that these types of measures accurately predict, of AIMSweb TEL scores to reading success in Grade 2 as measured by adequate R-CBM performance. He identified the raw scores on Letter Sound Fluency (by grade and period) that predicted success, and these are consistently close to the 35th percentile on the new AIMSweb National Norms., AIMSWeb is a web-based solution for universal screening, progress monitoring, and data management for Grades K-12. AIMSWeb provides guidance to administrators and teachers based on accurate, continuous, and direct student assessment. ... Word Reading Fluency: K, 1: Read a word list aloud for 1 minute. Oral Reading Fluency: 1:, Reading fluency chart printable Aimsweb norms national table microfinanceindia cbm Aimsweb national norms table rcbm. Aimsweb oral reading fluency norms chart 2021. Aimsweb oral reading fluency norms chart 2021Reading oral fluency rates fountas pinnell intervention leveled rate comprehension level literacy read …, It provides brief, reliable, nationally normed reading and mathematics measures. aimswebPlus uses both timed curriculum-based measures (CBMs) and untimed standards-based measures to assess skills and inform instruction. Teachers can monitor the progress of their students, determine effectiveness of instruction, and manage student assessment ..., The Savvy Teacher's Guide: Reading Interventions That Work. This free 52-page manual (Adobe Acrobat format) contains 4 teacher intervention scripts to build student reading fluency and 10 scripts to boost comprehension. Strategies in the manual are based on practices recommended by the National Reading Panel. Repeated Reading., AIMSweb ROI Growth Norms Copyright © 202 NCS Pearson, Inc. All rights reserved. This document presents the new rate of improvement (ROI) growth norms for each of the …, Learn how to administer and score the Reading Curriculum-Based Measurement (R-CBM) for AIMSweb, a web-based assessment and data management system. This document provides detailed instructions, examples, and tips for using R-CBM to monitor students' reading progress and identify instructional needs., An Update to Compiled ORF Norms Oral reading fluency (ORF) is one of several curriculum-based measures (CBM) originally ... In fact, Pearson, Inc., publisher of the AIMSweb® CBM assessment, refused to provide access to any of their data "due to the changes in student data privacy laws nationwide" (D. Baird, personal communication, December ..., Reading progress fluency chart monitoring minute solution oral intervention elementary six teaching dyslexia strategies teacher education activities stuff graph dataAimsweb oral reading fluency norms chart 2021 Aimsweb oral reading fluency norms chart 2021.. Check Details. Check Details. Reading Fluency Norms | Pennington Publishing Blog. Check ..., Aimsweb Plus Reading Screening Assessment. The New York State Education Department, as part of Response to Intervention guidance, has established policies relating to school-wide screenings. In Penfield, we use the reading screening assessment tool, Aimsweb Plus, to meet this policy and help to identify students possibly in need of response to ..., The Aimsweb National Norms Table Rcbm is composed of three components: the Reading Composite (RC), the Word Recognition (WR), and the Oral Reading Fluency (ORF). Each component is scored separately and contains percentile ranks which measure the student's performance relative to a national sample. The composite score is designed to estimate a ..., National Oral Reading Fluency Norms (All and 50th Percentile) Author: Jan Hasbrouck and Read Naturally Inc. Subject: The Hasbrouck-Tindal oral reading fluency chart lists oral reading fluency norms for grades 1-8. Use this to determine who needs a fluency intervention. Created Date: 8/20/2010 3:47:56 PM , Curriculum-Based Measurement: Sample Measures and Norms. CBM Type. Online CBM Claim. CBM Directions & Default. CBM: Letter Name Fluency & Letter Sound Facility Letter Identify Fluency Electricity LNF/LSF: Directions & Norms: CBM: Oral Reading Fluency. Reading Passageway Electric ***Updated ORF Norms: Hasbrouck & Tindal, 2017***, In 2017, Hasbrouck and Tindal published an Update of Oral Reading Fluency (ORF) Norms , compiled from three widely-used and commercially available ORF assessments ( DIBELS , DIBELS Next, and easy CBM), and representing a far larger number of scores than the previous assessments. The table below shows the mean oral reading fluency of students in ..., CBM is used to assess reading fluency skills and comprehension. CBM is an approved and standardized assessment practice based on over 25 years of scientific research. Reading Fluency Rates of Growth. The Edformation Normative Performance Tables are calculated using the AIMSweb Pro student database. Below is the Oral Reading Fluency Normative ..., 1 AIMSweb National Hi School Norms This document provides national high school standardization for your Grade 8 AIMSweb measures: Ablesen Curriculum-Based Measurement (R CBM) Reading Laze (Maze) (WE), comprised of (TWW), (CWS), (WSC) Mathematics Concepts and Request (M CAP) Mathematics Calculating (M COMP) These percentile norms refine aforementioned performance of the national population of ..., 2023-02-07 2/4 aimsweb fluency rates 2014 fluency norms chart 2017 update reading rockets Oct 26 2023 the table below shows the mean oral reading fluency of students in grades 1 through 6 as determined by hasbrouck s and tindal s 2017 data you can also see an analysis of how the 2017 norms differ from the 2006 norms, View the results of the updated 2017 study on oral want fluency (ORF) via Jan Hasbrouck real Gerald Tindal, with compiled ORF norms for grades 1-6. You'll other find an analysis of how the 2017 norms differ from the 2006 norms., Results indicated that second-grade performance on oral reading fluency and the Measures of ... the availability of national grade-level norms for expected level of performance and expected rate of improvement (Fuchs & Deno, 1991). Examples of commercially available GOM systems include DIBELS (https://dibels.uoregon.edu) and AIMSWeb ..., Curriculum-Based Measurement Consumable Worksheets. A companion to the Workshop Packet, this download contains worksheets, etc., to be used for practice during a CBM training session. Create or download probes for reading fluency, math computation, letter ID, number ID, and wordlists.. (IMPORTANT: Many of these probes are created dynamically ..., AIMSweb Classic Written Expression Story Starters . All Grades continued. 62. In spite of my broken arm I knew I had to … 63. There was the sound of the tent fabric ripping and a large paw … 64. Out of the darkness came the sound of large flapping wings and … 65. The sun was just coming up over the horizon and then, in the middle of the ..., 2) teachers make more informed instructional decisions. 3) documentation of student progress is available. 4) communication improves between families and professionals about student progress. 5) teachers have higher expectations for their students. 6) there is a decrease in special education referrals. Overall, progress monitoring is relevant ..., Hasbrouck & Tindal (2017) From Hasbrouck, J. & Tindal, G. (2017). An update to compiled ORF norms (Technical Report No. 1702). Eugene, OR. Behavioral Research and Teaching, University of Oregon. *WCPM = Words Correct Per Minute.