Spark plug heat ranges chart

Effects of humidity and selection of proper heat range.

Spark plug heat ranges chart. They don’t. the spark plug heat range only indicates the rate at which the spark plug dissipates its firing end heat to the engine. Selecting a spark plug with the proper heat range will ensure that the tip will maintain a temperature high enough to prevent fouling, yet be cool enough to prevent pre-ignition. While there are many things that ...

Technical Overview DENSO Spark Plugs Discovering DENSO Technology DESP11-UK20 www.denso-am.eu www.denso-am.co.uk 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Installation torque (Nm) ... plug heat range too hot, severe detonation. Pre-ignition Appearance: A melted or burned centre and/ or ground electrode, blistered

Advertisement The following animation shows a two-stroke engine in action. You can compare this animation to the animations in the car engine and diesel engine articles to see the ...I spent time and money to rely solely upon the 32C for best all around performance on my 351W crate motor. After bouncing all around a wound up right back where I started. My motor ran best and dynoed best with 32C's gapped at 44-45. This was the case at 9:1, 10:1 and 11:1 compression as I made mods over the years. Hope this helps. JAM.Document #1502. THREE STEPS TO SELECTING A HIGH PERFORMANCE PLUG. When using this guide, understand that high performance sparks plugs are usually of a much …Rather, the heat range is a measure of the spark plug's ability to remove heat from the combustion chamber. The heat range is determined by the insulator nose length and its ability to absorb and transfer combustion heat, the gas volume around the insulator nose, and the materials/construction of the center electrode and porcelain insulator.In ...Spark plugs with a high degree of heat dispersal are called high heat range (cold type) and those with a low degree of heat dispersal are called low heat range (hot type). This is largely determined by the temperature …Higher number indicate hot plug (for example 5 or 4) and low number indicate cold heat range (for example 1 or ). Spark plug heat range is the measure of how fast the spark plug tip dissipates combustion heat. It must do this in a precise and controlled manner so the spark plug will:

If the spark plug heat range is too hot, pre-ignition can occur. A switch in heat range of the spark plug will change the temperature of the spark plug tip by 70-120 degrees. If you …more heat, low heat dissipation. k Spark plug with medium heat-range code number. Insulator nose area smaller than in “hot plug.” Lower heat absorption, better heat …Use the proper tools to install your spark plugs, a 5/8" or 13/16" spark plug socket. Also be sure that the socket is sitting correctly on the plug before applying torque. Incorrect tools or crooked tools could crack the spark plug. - Dick Podiak, E3 Spark Plugs Engineer. Inspect all parts of the ignition system for wear or damage (spark plug ... NGK.com Plugs with a “7” heat range are hotter than “8” plugs, which are hotter than “9” plugs. Contrary to a popular misunderstanding, a hotter or colder plug doesn’t make a hotter (and ...Champion Spark Plug Heat Range Chart - manufacturer, factory, supplier from China. CNG/LPG Spark Plug Iridium Spark Plug ZFR7FIX. Auto Iridium Spark Plug AIX-LKR7 for BENZ C230. Auto Iridium Spark Plug AIX-LKR7 for BENZ GLK. Moto Iridium Spark Plug LY D8TJI. High-efficiency engine spark plug.Most spark plug manufacturers recommend that the tip temperature remain between 500-850 degrees Celsius. Diagram courtesy of NGK Spark Plugs. Heat ranges …

2399 Resistor. 2456 Non-resistor. 7806 Inductive suppressor. 8251 Xtreme Start. 8252 Xtreme Sport. 8290 Tapered seat. 8291 .060" Gap. 8293 Bantam plug with 3/4" hex. 8294 Power tip. 8295 Special lawnmower plug. 8297 Bantam spark plug. 8301 Special power tip. 8-69. Autolite® Spark Plug Heat Range Chart. Tableau des températures des bougies ...Spark Plug Thread Size: 14mm . Spark Plug Reach (in.): 0.750 in. Spark Plug Reach (mm): 19.05mm . Shorty Spark Plug: No . Resistor: No ... These replacement spark plugs are available in colder heat ranges than most plug manufacturers to support modified engines. They feature a cut background electrode, which improves ignitibility and faster ...No longer necessary as modern spark plug coatings work as a releasing agent and should be installed dry. Anti-seize can alter the tightening torque up to 20%, increasing risk of breakage. Anti-seize can create heat …Principle Applications & Specifications. Passenger Cars & Light Trucks 2011 - 1996. Passenger Cars & Light Trucks 1995 - 1960. Recreational Vehicles - Motorcycles. Commercial Equipment - Lift Trucks. Small Engine - Power Equipment Engines. Installation Bulletin for High Thread Series Spark Plugs.

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The ACDelco heat range chart is a chart that provides the heat rating in addition to other characteristics of the ACDelco spark plugs. The heat rating indicates the thermal characteristic of the spark plug, or how hot or how cold the spark plug is. The chart details the plug identification table. It consists of possible spark plug prefix values ...Resistor type spark plugs reduce the amount of radio frequency interference (RFI) that can cause ignition misfires and static on the radio. [V] Shell Design - This refers to the thread size and reach of the spark plug. [15] Heat Range - The middle number indicates the heat range of the spark plug, the higher the number the hotter the heat range.recommended heat range Overheating • Appearance: Discoloration of the ceramic insulator, near to the shell • Cause: Particles of oil/gas (in the spark plug well), becoming attracted to the ceramic by the magnetic field created by the high voltage current flowing through the spark plug • Effect: Not detrimental to spark plug operationThis process involves making a pull (on a dyno or a pass), and shutting down the engine ASAP so the reading isn't tainted by idle time. Then the plugs are pulled and inspected. After a change is ...The Solana Foundation is working to integrate AI into its network with a ChatGPT plug-in developed by Solana Labs. As the artificial intelligence market continues to heat up, a num...

recommended heat range Overheating • Appearance: Discoloration of the ceramic insulator, near to the shell • Cause: Particles of oil/gas (in the spark plug well), becoming attracted to the ceramic by the magnetic field created by the high voltage current flowing through the spark plug • Effect: Not detrimental to spark plug operation The range of thermal values for BRISK spark plugs extend from the warmest to the coldest, namely 19, 18, 17, 15, 14, 12, 10 and 08. "Hot" spark plugs remove heat from the combustion area relatively slowly. They have a longer insulator tip and they achieve a temperature higher than the deposition zone relatively fast. AGSF32C - Short name: SP447. Recommended for 1993 Cobra, GT40 Heads. A = Thread Diameter = 14 mm. G = Reach = .708" Conical Seat. S = Plug Characteristic = Suppressor (Carbon) F = Plug Characteristic = Conical Seat. 3 = Heat Range = Cold (Stock) 2 = Tip Configuration = Extended (Power) Tip. C = Plug Characteristic = Copper Core Electrode.Critical factors involved in choosing the correct spark plug heat range include: 1. Air/Fuel Mixture: Lean air/fuel ratios raise cylinder-head temperatures, requiring a colder plug. Rich air/fuel ...Racing Heat Range and Tuning Guide. 12 page guide by Champion Sparking Plug Co. Ltd.'s Competition Department, 1973. Introduction. With modern sophisticated engines, new ceramics and superior alloys for spark plugs, the job of selecting a plug for a specific engine has become more critical.Heat Range: 10 Gap: Consult ignition mfg. Plug: NGK R5671A-10 (stock number 5820); Autolite AR3932; Champion C57CX (stock number 295); Denso IK-31 (stock number 5321) **NOTE: Use chart for static compression and adjust heat range for nitrous use accordingly. LS1 Stock and AFR Thread – 14mm Reach - .708” Socket – 5/8 hex Seat - …more heat, low heat dissipation. k Spark plug with medium heat-range code number. Insulator nose area smaller than in “hot plug.” Lower heat absorption, better heat …An example is: DPR5EA-9; 2887. DPR5EA-9 is the part number and 2887 is the stock number. The exception to this is racing plugs. An example of an NGK racing plug is R5671A-11. Here, R5671A represents the plug type and -11 represents the heat range. The stock number is 6596. NGK lists a design symbols chart in the front of every spark plug …I'm not sure they use the standard numbering system. Look at the link to find the one you're looking for. 276 is a standard plug. 576 is the same plug (heat-wise) but a resistor plug. Now a 574 would be a cold plug. 576 - middle heat. 577 - Hot. No shorty plug for the 577 though. Ryan. 66 Chevy II Sedan 100.Racing Heat Range and Tuning Guide. 12 page guide by Champion Sparking Plug Co. Ltd.'s Competition Department, 1973. Introduction. With modern sophisticated engines, new ceramics and superior alloys for spark plugs, the job of selecting a plug for a specific engine has become more critical.

Weight (lb) 0.48. Width (IN) 3.5. Professional; Conventional; Pre-Set Gap: 0.040". ACDelco Standard Spark Plugs are precisely engineered and manufactured to provide everyday reliability and efficient performance. Features & Benefits: A copper-core center electrode that helps provide improved heat transfer to the tip, giving you the reliability ...

Each material caters to specific engine designs and driving demands, informing the buyer’s selection on the Autolite Spark Plugs Chart. Heat Range Explained: Optimal Performance for Different Engines. The heat range of a spark plug is crucial for engine performance. It denotes the plug’s ability to dissipate heat from the combustion chamber.NGK.comFor a spark plug to function properly, it must have a tip temperature high enough to burn off carbon deposits (self-cleaning) and avoid fouling, while remaining low enough to avoid overheating the ceramic firing end and pre-ignition. For most vehicles, the factory recommended heat range is sufficient; however, on some modified or special-use ...E3 Racing Spark Plugs incorporate the Edge-to-Edge patented DiamondFIRE technology design that directly sends the spark travel towards the air-fuel mixture which maximizes the burn. The result is a faster flame kernel, a more complete combustion, greater power and higher fuel efficiency. These spark plugs produce excellent heat transfer, with ...Heat Range: 10 Gap: Consult ignition mfg. Plug: NGK R5671A-10 (stock number 5820); Autolite AR3932; Champion C57CX (stock number 295); Denso IK-31 (stock number 5321) **NOTE: Use chart for static compression and adjust heat range for nitrous use accordingly. LS1 Stock and AFR Thread – 14mm Reach - .708” Socket – 5/8 hex Seat - …The DENSO spark plugs sold are not designed and manufactured for any aircraft: use may result in a plane crash or other accidents due to engine malfunction. Never use DENSO spark plugs, listed in this catalogue or website, in the engines for generator and gas heat pump air conditioning system or co-generation, except DENSO spark plugs specially ...The 302 plug differs from the 200 plug only in heat range. The 200 plug is signifantly hotter. This is due to the poor air flow plus the poor chamber design. A hotter plug is required to light the mixture off properly and keep the plug from fouling on unatomized fuel droplets. Now, I swapped heads on my 250 (same plug as 200).The heat ranges may be drastically different between two different plugs, and engine damage or poor performance may result. See your local installer or retailer for details. (Bold mine.) The prefix “41” stands for the manufacturer’s product line (e.g., 41 = spark plug) Numbers after the prefix indicate the type of spark plug and also the ...Find out how to fix a rough running lawn mower engine by adjusting the spark plug gap, cleaning air and fuel filters, and switching to ethanol-free gas. Expert Advice On Improving ...To prevent pre-ignition and overheating the optimum spark plug tip temperature generally needs to be below about 800°C (1472°F). So there we have the optimum temperature range for our spark plug – somewhere between around 500 to 800°C (932°F to 1472°F).

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Correct plug heat range is then a juggling act between heat range and compression pressure. The fuel also plays a part because a zero nitro fuel needs a slightly more advanced ignition point than a fuel with nitro. The more nitro the more retarded the ignition should be because of the way the different fuels burn.Explanation of a Spark Plugs Heat Range from NGK Spark Plugs USACritical factors involved in choosing the correct spark plug heat range include: 1. Air/Fuel Mixture: Lean air/fuel ratios raise cylinder-head temperatures, requiring a colder plug. Rich air/fuel ...recommended heat range Overheating • Appearance: Discoloration of the ceramic insulator, near to the shell • Cause: Particles of oil/gas (in the spark plug well), becoming attracted to the ceramic by the magnetic field created by the high voltage current flowing through the spark plug • Effect: Not detrimental to spark plug operationVDL Fuel System's Spark Plug Heat Range Recommendations Note that these heat ranges are Champion's numbers and can be converted to the equivalent plug for any major brand. It is also important to note that Champion plugs use a larger number for a hotter plug while NGK plugs reference heat in the opposite direction, with hotter plugs using a ...ACDelco GM Genuine Parts Iridium Spark Plugs 12681659. Spark Plug, Iridium Tip, Copper Core, Tapered Seat, 16mm Wrench Diameter, One Ground Strap, 0.984 in. Reach, Each. Part Number: ADO-41-125. Not Yet Reviewed. Estimated Ship …Citrix Receiver is the software you use on your own device to work remotely while connected to your organization's network. The Online plug-in is one of several tools that bring ad...Feb 16, 2023 · Incorrect spark plug heat range, a loose spark plug, improper ignition timing, or a lean air/fuel ratio are all potential contributors to an overheated engine. You need to change the spark plug. Source: golfmk7. 5. Lead Fouling. Yellowish-brown deposits on the insulator nose are a telltale sign of lead fouling. ACDelco Spark Plugs feature only high-quality parts to help ensure durability and consistent performance: Electrodes built on a foundation of iridium, platinum or copper. 100% copper cores. Spark plugs are protected with one-piece ceramic insulators. We offer a full line of ACDelco Spark Plug products. Whether you are choosing from our iridium ...The operating temperature of a spark plug varies between 450-870°C. At 450°C the spark plug reaches its self cleaning temperature; this means that carbon deposits which are produced during combustion are actively burnt off the insulator nose.Spark Plug Heat Range Explained. A Spark Plug's heat range is a measure of its ability to conduct heat away from its firing end. A COLDER or 'harder' spark plug is more suited to a hotter running engine (i.e. high performance, high revving, tuned or driven very hard), the shorter heat path will conduct heat more quickly, ensuring that the tip ... ….

Spark Plug Heat Range. I recently posted a question to the Triumph Mail List about the various heat ranges for spark plugs. Within an hour I had my answer from a number of folks that I'd like to share with everyone. ... For Champion, higher numbers are hotter. The Champion chart I have lists the following plugs, in order from hottest to coolest ...Autolite spark plug heat range. I am running an Autolite 3924 in my 86 GT, Edelbrock RPM heads, mild cam, 9.6:1 flat tops, carbureted. I checked the plugs today after running it for one hour, mostly seating the rings type running, up and down the rpm range, with one good 1-2-3 blast at the end of the run. I drove back home and looked at the plugs.Watch this video about the advantages of range hoods compared to over the range microwaves for venting heat, smoke, odor, and moisture out of a kitchen. Expert Advice On Improving ...Weight (lb) 0.48. Width (IN) 3.5. Professional; Conventional; Pre-Set Gap: 0.040". ACDelco Standard Spark Plugs are precisely engineered and manufactured to provide everyday reliability and efficient performance. Features & Benefits: A copper-core center electrode that helps provide improved heat transfer to the tip, giving you the reliability ...A worn spark plug not only wastes fuel but also strains the whole ignition system because the expanded gap (due to erosion) requires higher voltages. Normal rates of gap growth are as follows: Four-Stroke …ACDelco GM Genuine Parts Iridium Spark Plugs 12681659. Spark Plug, Iridium Tip, Copper Core, Tapered Seat, 16mm Wrench Diameter, One Ground Strap, 0.984 in. Reach, Each. Part Number: ADO-41-125. Not Yet Reviewed. Estimated Ship …Racing Heat Range and Tuning Guide. 12 page guide by Champion Sparking Plug Co. Ltd.'s Competition Department, 1973. Introduction. With modern sophisticated engines, new ceramics and superior alloys for spark plugs, the job of selecting a plug for a specific engine has become more critical.Ask An Expert: Heat range is one of the most important and often misunderstood factors when choosing the correct spark plug for your engine.Let our DENSO exp... Spark plug heat ranges chart, The AC Delco Spark Plug Decoder Table Prefix and suffix letters are used to identify a specific type plus the numbers relate to thread size and heat range. For example, the R45TS spark plug shown is: · R - Resistor · 4 - 14 mm Thread · 5 - Heat Range (range 1-5 start with a 3) · T - Taper Seat (No T for a gasketed plug), Spark Plug Heat Range Cross Reference. Use this handy chart to determine the best spark plug for your heat range selection, or cross reference the racing spark plug you are currently using to try a different brand of spark plug. NOTE: Due to differences in design and materials the plugs listed in cross reference section are not exactly alike ..., The 302 plug differs from the 200 plug only in heat range. The 200 plug is signifantly hotter. This is due to the poor air flow plus the poor chamber design. A hotter plug is required to light the mixture off properly and keep the plug from fouling on unatomized fuel droplets. Now, I swapped heads on my 250 (same plug as 200)., Advertisement You can understand a two-stroke engine by watching each part of the cycle. Start with the point where the spark plug fires. Fuel and air in the cylinder have been com..., HEAT RANGE CHART - COPPER PLUS SPARK PLUG / STOCK NUMBER Federal-Mogul Document #1521 Thread Size Heat Range Non-Resistor Stock No. Resistor Stock No. Non-Resistor Stock NO. Resistor Stock No. 10mm 1/4" Rch. 5/8" Hex NORM UY6 842 Auxiliary Gap 10mm 5/16" Rch. NORM Y82 877 14mm Hex 10mm .492" Rch. HOT 5/8" Hex COLD Z6 889 Z9Y 808 10mm 1/2" Rch ..., The heat rating is a measure of the amount of heat dissipation.The heat range of a spark plug is the range in which the plug works well thermally. The heat rating of each NGK spark plug is indicated by a number; lower numbers indicate a hotter type, higher numbers indicate a colder type. Effect of Selecting Wrong Heat Range. , Maximizing Performance With The Spark Plug Chart. The spark plug chart is a valuable tool for maximising your engine’s performance. It provides information on plug temperature, heat range, and pre-ignition issues. By understanding these factors, you can choose the right spark plug for your engine ‘s needs., Jan 28, 2022 ... While ngk's 4 heat range is closer to champion 13-14 range. ... There is a spark plug cross reference chart in the Tech Editors Desk section of ..., Heat Range: 10 Gap: Consult ignition mfg. Plug: NGK R5671A-10 (stock number 5820); Autolite AR3932; Champion C57CX (stock number 295); Denso IK-31 (stock number 5321) **NOTE: Use chart for static compression and adjust heat range for nitrous use accordingly. LS1 Stock and AFR Thread – 14mm Reach - .708” Socket – 5/8 hex Seat - …, A new reversible USB plug is likely to hit the market next year. A new reversible USB plug is likely to hit the market next year. The next generation of USBs is currently being dev..., NGK is higher number = colder. I could probably afford to go a little hotter (I'll have to ask the engine builder in a few min.), so would the Accel #4 be hotter or colder than the Accel #2??? Engine is a 383 with Brodix aluminum heads, 10.4:1 compression, 750 holley carb, running 94 Sunoco., Champion 868 Spark Plug RJ19LM RJ19LM. We have the Champion 868 Spark Plug RJ19LM you need with fast shipping and low prices. ... Heat Range: 19: REF. NO. 868: Thread : 14mm: Hex Size : 13/16" Customer Reviews for the 868 Spark Plug RJ19LM Review Rating: Sort By: by Jeff N. Reviewed on 2/5/2024 10:07:04 AM. Review: good …, Onan Spark Plugs: Both the 4K & 6K use the same heat range spark plug. Plug gap for both is .020” Cummins Onan spark plugs are part# 167-0262-99 <$7. The X-‐7525B service manual Section 24C page28 calls for the use of an AC Delco R46S spark plug. Possible spark plugs that cross for AC DELCO R46S:, [V] Shell Design - This refers to the thread size and reach of the spark plug. [15] Heat Range - The middle number indicates the heat range of the spark plug, the higher the number the hotter the heat range. [YC] Firing End Design - The letters after the heat rating indicates a special spark plug construction feature called the firing end ..., CorvetteForum - Chevrolet Corvette Forum Discussion. C3 Corvettes, 1968 - 1982. C3 Tech/Performance. AC sparkplug heat range. C3 Tech/Performance V8 Technical Info, Internal Engine, External Engine, Basic Tech and Maintenance for the C3 Corvette., Ignition. ACCEL HP Spark Plugs are made with a Copper core which is a better conductor than Platinum and Iridium. They deliver a stronger spark especially in high performance applications where high combustion pressures are present. Copper is much better at dissipating heat than other materials which lessens the chance of a misfire., The European plane manufacturer is trying to beat Boeing in the mid-market, long-range sector even before Boeing comes out with its own product. In the rivalry between Airbus and B..., COVID-19 may not affect Plug Power's underlying business. But don't take that as a reason to buy red-flag-ridden PLUG stock. COVID-19 may not affect Plug Power's underlying busines..., E3 spark plug heat range chart - motorcraft spark plug wire set - Web: http://www.autopartsstoresus.com/spark-plugs/spark-plugs.html, The AC Delco Spark Plug Decoder Table Prefix and suffix letters are used to identify a specific type plus the numbers relate to thread size and heat range. For example, the R45TS spark plug shown is: · R - Resistor · 4 - 14 mm Thread · 5 - Heat Range (range 1-5 start with a 3) · T - Taper Seat (No T for a gasketed plug), Principle Applications & Specifications. Passenger Cars & Light Trucks 2011 - 1996. Passenger Cars & Light Trucks 1995 - 1960. Recreational Vehicles - Motorcycles. Commercial Equipment - Lift Trucks. Small Engine - Power Equipment Engines. Installation Bulletin for High Thread Series Spark Plugs., Rather, the heat range is a measure of the spark plug's ability to remove heat from the combustion chamber. The heat range is determined by the insulator nose length and its ability to absorb and transfer combustion heat, the gas volume around the insulator nose, and the materials/construction of the center electrode and porcelain insulator.In ..., Ask An Expert: Heat range is one of the most important and often misunderstood factors when choosing the correct spark plug for your engine.Let our DENSO exp..., The spark plug heat range has no relationship to the electrical energy transferred through the spark plug. The heat range of a spark plug is the range in which the plug works well thermally. The heat rating of each NGK spark plug is indicated by a number; lower numbers indicate a hotter type, higher numbers indicate a colder type., The heat range of a Champion spark plug is indicated within the individual part number. The number in the middle of the letters used to designate the specific spark plug gives the heat range. For instance, if a Champion spark plug’s number is RCJ6Y, the heat range is 6. With Champion spark plugs, a higher number in the middle of the part ..., The spark plug heat range scale typically ranges from 2 to 12, with 2 being the coldest and 12 being the hottest. It’s important to note that the heat range scale may vary slightly depending on the manufacturer. When selecting a spark plug, it’s crucial to choose the appropriate heat range for your engine., AGSF32C - Short name: SP447. Recommended for 1993 Cobra, GT40 Heads. A = Thread Diameter = 14 mm. G = Reach = .708" Conical Seat. S = Plug Characteristic = Suppressor (Carbon) F = Plug Characteristic = Conical Seat. 3 = Heat Range = Cold (Stock) 2 = Tip Configuration = Extended (Power) Tip. C = Plug Characteristic = Copper Core Electrode., A very expensive heat range test can be performed however a more viable option is to start with a colder heat range spark plug and perform some testing. As mentioned a spark plug operates in the range temperature 450 – 870°C, at 450°C carbon deposits being to burn off and if a plug may have a very black insulator nose at a lower temperature., Spark Plug Heat Range Cross Reference. Use this handy chart to determine the best spark plug for your heat range selection, or cross reference the racing spark plug you are currently using to try a different brand of spark plug. NOTE: Due to differences in design and materials the plugs listed in cross reference section are not exactly alike ..., DENSO Spark Plug Heat Range. Published4 July 2019. Ask An Expert: Heat range is one of the most important and often misunderstood factors when choosing the correct spark plug for your engine. Let our DENSO expert explain how it all works., Spark Plugs Serial and Range: Origin (Country) Spark Plug Manufacturer’s Part Number: SuppressorSpark Plug Manufacturer’s Part Number: Suppressor(resistor) Mecury Spark Plug Number: Standard Mercury Spark Plug Part Number: 2.2.040: 8075603 : United States – NGK BPR6HS-10: 33- 19796: 33- 19796: 2.5.040: 0A855097 – NGK …, Heat Rating of a Spark Plug A spark plug must dissipate the heat produced by the combustion gases. The heat rating is a measure of the amount of heat dissipation. The heat rating is expressed as a number. Hot Type = A lower number: Long Insulator Nose There is a greater surface area exposed, Replace with a new set of Autolite spark plugs. 6. GLAZING Recommendation: Spark plug is operating too hot at high speeds. Replace with a colder heat range of Autolite spark plug. 7. CARBON FOULED Recommendation: Spark plug heat range is too cold and/ or caused by extensive low-speed, short distance driving. Replace with the correct heat range ...