Edgefield pottery marks

To achieve the unique properties of Edgefield Pottery, it takes clay from three different areas of the state, and it's a six-month process, from digging up the clay to firing and cooling the pots, to create a finished piece. Even more fascinating were the stories of the most famous of the Edgefield potters, a slave named Dave Drake whose works ...

Jun 15, 2023 · district that developed around Edgefield, South Carolina. Enslaved African Americans worked as potters at several of the Edgefield shops, and the most renowned potter of the district was an enslaved African American named Dave, who incorpo rated poetic verse onto some of the pottery he made, as well as other marks including an X and slashes. From Edgefield County to Fifth Avenue, David Drake’s pottery is bringing the antebellum South to modern day New York City. Drake, also known as Dave the Potter, was born in 1801 and spent the ...South Carolina Pottery, 2 Gallon Crock Churn, Edgefield Pottery, Brown, Primitive Antique Pottery (407) $ 449.00. FREE shipping Add to Favorites Southern Folk Art 58 oz. Blue Stoneware jug, cider jug, Whiskey jug, Moonshine jug ... Huge Southern Buggy Jug Beautiful Alkaline Glaze, Capacity Mark “4” EXC (43) $ 150.00. FREE shipping Add to ...A pressure mark is a sign of physical damage to the inside of an LCD screen. It is related to, but not always synonymous with, the problem of dead or stuck pixels. Usually it is no...Pottery furniture is a great way to add style and character to your home. Whether you’re looking for a unique piece of furniture or just want to give your home a more rustic feel, ...Exterior also has glaze drips. Interior is decorated with iron slip that has been applied in a loop pattern on the sides and a floral pattern on the bottom. Glaze has been wiped off the rim; exterior base is unglazed. Finger marks are apparent on exterior walls at base. Some iron spots occurred at base during firing.Just three weeks ago, a pot linked to Dave, a literate slave whose technique and tendency to write poetry on his wares made him a superstar of Edgefield pottery, sold for $30,000 at auction. Other pieces, including one acquired for $185,000 by the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, are selling for even more. The price spike is part history and …Jun 15, 2023 · district that developed around Edgefield, South Carolina. Enslaved African Americans worked as potters at several of the Edgefield shops, and the most renowned potter of the district was an enslaved African American named Dave, who incorpo rated poetic verse onto some of the pottery he made, as well as other marks including an X and slashes.

Mark M. Newell The Search Continues: New Insights into Old Edgefield Folk Potters. In the 1930s, recognizing that few potters who witnessed the closing years of the Old Edgefield folk pottery tradition remained, the Charleston Museum wittingly compiled information about the vanishing industry. Arranged in roughly chronological order, the vessels offer visitors a unique overview of Chandler’s evolution as a ceramic artist as his career shifted from that of journeyman to pottery owner ...Archaeological Survey of Alkaline-Glazed Pottery Kiln Sites in the Old Edgefield District, ... (2011). "Crosses, Secrets, and Lies: A Response to J. W. Joseph," in "Crosses to Bear: Cross Marks as African Symbols in Southern Pottery," thematic forum of articles edited by Charles R. Ewen. Historical Archaeology 45(2): 163-165.In the utilitarian pottery that dominated life in Edgefield, it seems the enslaved passengers of the Wanderer found a new medium in which to preserve some of those customs and beliefs.Contemporary historians, including John Michael Vlach, see direct connections between Bakongo culture and the Edgefield face jugs.Research …The Origins of Edgefield Pottery. Adrienne Spinozzi November 11, 2022. , , Fig. 1. Face jugs, Old Edgefield District, South Carolina, c. 1850–1885. Height of tallest: 10 ½ inches. The one on the left is in the collection of April L. Hynes; the others are in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. All photographs by Eileen Travell, courtesy of the ... Find prices for EDGEFIELD STONEWARE POTTERY to help when appraising. Instant price guides to discover the market value for EDGEFIELD STONEWARE POTTERY. Research the worth of your items without sending photos or descriptions Reserve. Members and Museum Pass: Free Not-Yet-Members: $18.50. This exhibition tells the story of the enslaved potters of Old Edgefield District, a rural area on the western edge of South Carolina famous for its natural clays. While many associate labor of the enslaved with staple crops like cotton and tobacco, historians describe Old ...Dive into the fascinating world of pottery identification with our "Pottery Marks Archive." This curated collection serves as a comprehensive resource for enthusiasts, collectors, and historians seeking to decipher the unique imprints left by potters throughout history. Explore a vast array of distinctive marks, stamps, and signatures that adorn pottery, each telling …

Thomas Chandler s Stoneware. Born in Drummondtown (now Accomack), Va., Thomas Mitchell Chandler Jr. (1810-54) learned the potter s craft in Baltimore, Md., when his family moved to the city in 1817. Chandler s father, Thomas Chandler Sr., was a Windsor chair maker, and he bought property that was located near some of the potters …Edgefield pottery is specific to the factories it was created in and the communities that crafted it. Known for earthy brown alkaline-glazed tones, the pottery was produced on a mass scale and distributed throughout the United States. Much like Tupperware in people’s cupboards in recent decades, Edgefield stoneware was often used for utility.JUGTOWN NORTH CAROLINA POTTERY GROUPold jugtown pottery ca. 1950. rims of pitchers have damage see pics. All stamped on bottom except the small pitcher which is a little bit earlier than jugtown. Largest pitcher is 8.5" tall, smallest pitcher 4" tall. Condition: all items are estate condition, on the pottery if there are any issues we will list.Styling Marks & Spencer clothing is a great way to show your personality and make your clothing look more fashionable. This guide will teach you how to style M&S clothing the right...

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Thomas Chandler s Stoneware. Born in Drummondtown (now Accomack), Va., Thomas Mitchell Chandler Jr. (1810-54) learned the potter s craft in Baltimore, Md., when his family moved to the city in 1817. Chandler s father, Thomas Chandler Sr., was a Windsor chair maker, and he bought property that was located near some of the potters …Magnolia Dale House Museum. 320 Norris Street. Edgefield, SC 29824. 803-637-2233. Open by appointment. The Magnolia Dale House Museum is an 1843 plantation home which houses numerous portraits, furnishings and artifacts related to the history of Edgefield County and its people. It has been operated by the Society since 1959.Drake was an African American potter known for the massive signed stoneware he crafted in nineteenth-century Edgefield, South Carolina.A pottery mark is a stamp, logo, or signature on a piece of pottery or porcelain. Pottery marks can be found on the bottom of a piece and used to identify the maker, the country of manufacture, and sometimes the date it was made. A few makers used paper labels instead of pottery marks, but these can be tricky to identify.

Find prices for EDGEFIELD STONEWARE POTTERY to help when appraising. Instant price guides to discover the market value for EDGEFIELD STONEWARE POTTERY. Research the worth of your items without sending photos or descriptions This stunning example of pottery announces the goal of Hear Me Now from the start: to celebrate the enslaved Black potters, known and unknown, of a distinctive, nineteenth-century ceramic tradition in the Old Edgefield District of South Carolina. Dave’s skilled facture of uncommonly large storage jars featuring evocative poetic verses has ...Edgefield pottery jar, ovoid with mottled alkaline glaze, notched rim (under glaze), shoulder with two large circular impressed marks with three smaller dots (attributed to Dave the Slave, 1780-1866), 13-1/4 in.Others have investigated parallels between marks and inscriptions on stoneware vessels and colonoware pottery in order to consider the potential of such marks as media of social group expression ...Southern folk potters also made animal figures. Southern folk pottery is collected chronologically, regionally, by potting family, by individual potter, and type. Chronological divides are: (1) 1840 to 1880; (2) 1880 to 1920; (3) 1920 to 1950; (4) 1950 to 1990; and (5) post-1990. Chronological divides are difficult because many potters worked ...May 31, 2012 · Just three weeks ago, a pot linked to Dave, a literate slave whose technique and tendency to write poetry on his wares made him a superstar of Edgefield pottery, sold for $30,000 at auction. Other pieces, including one acquired for $185,000 by the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, are selling for even more. The price spike is part history and part ... Old Time Pottery is a chain of retail stores that specialize in home décor, furniture, and pottery. Founded in 1986, this company has been providing customers with unique and affor...Dave’s markings are in addition to his proverbs; some archaeologists have argued that eighteenth century handmade pottery was, in fact, made by Native Americans, and not by Edgefield potters. All told, Dave is credited with making thousands of functional pots from June 1834 through 1866.Nov 14, 2011 · International Connections. Many of Edgefield’s ceramic forms have European, especially British, roots. For example, the district’s lug-handled jars bear a strong resemblance to those of Scotland and northern England (Burrison 2007, 94). 3 The generic American jug form harks back to both Britain and Germany, with larger, two-handled examples (known as syrup jugs in the South) strongly ... Feb 26, 2021 ... Drake, who worked in the pottery district of Edgefield, South Carolina, is one of the best known—and one of the relatively few identified—Black ...

J. G. Baynham was a Virginia native who opened a pottery in the Edgefield District in 1865 (Baldwin 1993:11–114; Newell 2002). He was not a potter, leaving the work to his sons Mark and Horace. Mark moved to North Augusta and opened the South Carolina Pottery in 1910.

Are you looking for the top best edgefield pottery marks 2024? We’ll show you helpful reviews and comparisons, so it’s easy to choose. In a world where there are endless choices and overwhelming amounts of information, it can be difficult to know which edgefield pottery marksLooking for the best Marks & Spencer kitchen tools to make your cooking experience easier and more enjoyable? Look no further than this guide! With essential tools stocking your ki...THE LATEST SALE OF A SIGNED DAVID DRAKE JAR SOLD @ BRUNK AUCTIONS FOR OVER 180K INCLUDING COMMISSION FEBRUARY 8TH , 2020 . THANKS FOR LOOKING ! Items in the Price Guide are obtained exclusively from licensors and partners solely for our members’ research needs. THIS AUCTION IS FOR AN *UNSIGNED* 3 GALLON EDGEFIELD STONEWARE CROCK ATTRIBUTED TO ...Dave the Potter (born c. 1800, probably United States—died 1870s, Edgefield, South Carolina ?) was an American potter and poet who, while a slave in South Carolina, produced enormous stoneware pots, many of which he signed with his first name and inscribed with original poetic verses. Definitive information about Dave’s life is scarce.ABSTRACT Alkaline-glazed stoneware developed in the Edgefield District of South Carolina in the early nineteenth century and employed a range of decorations and marks that drew from European ceramic traditions and reflected pottery factory owner’s preferences, styles, and tastes.What are the marks on Edgefield pottery? The marks on Edgefield pottery were not merely decorative, but held significant meaning. One notable mark found on …The Pottery Marks of Dave Drake, African American Poet Potter - Kindle edition by Hardman, Samuel. Download it once and read it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading The Pottery Marks of Dave Drake, African American Poet Potter.Looking for the best Marks & Spencer pillow for your needs? Check out our comprehensive guide to finding the perfect option. From memory foam to hypoallergenic pillows, we have the...Lewis Miles Pottery, Edgefield, South Carolina stoneware pottery jar with an olive colored alkaline glaze, ovoid form with two lug handles, deep incised initial signature on the shoulder "L. M." and dated March 12, 1857 below the rim with four additional punch marks (denoting capacity) and two incised slash marks to the left of the initials. 13 7/8" H x 40" …

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Old Edgefield Pottery, 230 Simkins St., Edgefield, (803) 637-2060. Hours are Tuesday-Saturday, 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Visit Steve Farrell's studio and learn about the history of Edgefield Pottery and the Heritage Corridor. Catawba Cultural Center, 1536 Tom Stevens Road, Rock Hill, (803) 328-2427.Exhibition Dates: September 9, 2022–February 5, 2023 Exhibition Location: The Met Fifth Avenue, Gallery 955, Robert Lehman Wing. The landmark exhibition Hear Me Now: The Black Potters of Old Edgefield, South Carolina opens at The Metropolitan Museum of Art on September 9, 2022. Focusing on the work of African American potters in the19th …JUGTOWN NORTH CAROLINA POTTERY GROUPold jugtown pottery ca. 1950. rims of pitchers have damage see pics. All stamped on bottom except the small pitcher which is a little bit earlier than jugtown. Largest pitcher is 8.5" tall, smallest pitcher 4" tall. Condition: all items are estate condition, on the pottery if there are any issues we will list.More often, pottery in Edgefield bore the stamped mark of an operation’s white owner but not the names of Black artists. Drake hand carved such a mark onto this jar by adding the initials “LM” of his enslaver at the time, Lewis Miles, alongside the date on which the jar was made, November 9, 1860. Carving his own name boldly beneath this ...Mark discusses a signed and dated stoneware jar by renowned enslaved African-American potter David Drake, often referred to as "Dave the Slave." This fresh-t...Sarreguemines Mark France. Wien Keramos Austrian c1930. Mayer & Sherratt c1906 to 1920. Wade Pottery Mark c1957 onwards. Gerbing & Stephan G & St c1861 to 1900. Louis Majorelle Makers Mark. Staffordshire Porcelain Knot Mark. Taxile Doat Mark on Sevres Porcelain. M & Co Mark Minton c1841 to 1873.district that developed around Edgefield, South Carolina. Enslaved African Americans worked as potters at several of the Edgefield shops, and the most renowned potter of the district was an enslaved African American named Dave, who incorpo rated poetic verse onto some of the pottery he made, as well as other marks including an X and slashes.Now they have taken center stage in Hear Me Now: The Black Potters of Old Edgefield, South Carolina, an exhilarating exhibition currently at the High Museum of Art through May 12. The exhibition is jointly organized by New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Created by enslaved people from the 1830s …American Face Vessels. This distinctive type of ceramic face vessel first appeared in the American South in the mid-1800s. Jugs such as these are attributed to a small number of black slaves working as potters in the Edgefield District of South Carolina. None of these skilled potters have been identified by name and their inspiration for making ...A pottery mark is a stamp, logo, or signature on a piece of pottery or porcelain. Pottery marks can be found on the bottom of a piece and used to identify the maker, the country of manufacture, and sometimes the date it was made. A few makers used paper labels instead of pottery marks, but these can be tricky to identify.This is the working studio for Master Potter Justin Guy, who continues in the 200 year old tradition of making Edgefield Pottery. Local clay is turned on the wheel and fired in a wood-burning Groundhog Kiln. A small section of the studio is devoted to housing a wide-range of 19th and 20th century Edgefield Pottery, which is the inspiration for Justin’s work today. ….

Published: Dec. 7, 2022 at 3:26 PM PST. EDGEFIELD, S.C. (WRDW/WAGT) - We’re learning more about how suspects got away with almost 40 pieces of pottery. They were stolen from the Tompkins Library ...... stoneware that looked a great deal like English brown stoneware ... For example, potters in South Carolina's Edgefield District sold their pottery ... marks. Other ...Up for auction is a very nice Southern Edgefield South Carolina Pottery Clabber Bowl with Handle 1880's -approx 8" tall x approx 8-1/2" wide diameter at the top. It has a tooled Lip and attached strap handle. The Alkaline glaze with iron slip has runny areas on it. You can see the finger marks w the potter dipped it in the glaze.Spirit. Each Native American tribe utilizes distinctive pottery marks, representing their unique heritage and traditions. For example, the Hopi tribe’s mark, denoted as ‘A’, signifies life, while the Navajo mark, ‘B’, represents earth. The Pueblo mark, ‘C’, symbolizes water, and the Cherokee mark, ‘D’, embodies spirit.Find prices for EDGEFIELD STONEWARE POTTERY to help when appraising. Instant price guides to discover the market value for EDGEFIELD STONEWARE POTTERY. Research the worth of your items without sending photos or descriptionsS.C. Encyclopedia | The term “Edgefield pottery” is used to identify alkaline-glazed stoneware first produced in Edgefield District in the 1810s. Edgefield pottery blends the cultural traditions of England, Europe, Asia, and Africa. Many of the potters came from English, Irish, and German backgrounds and contributed their forms and …Feb 7, 2024 ... In the early 1800s, people living in the Edgefield region of South Carolina took advantage of this natural resource to become a major hub for ...Dave the Potter Marks, Dates, and Famous Poetry Lines. Attributed to Dave Drake, Lewis Miles’ Stoney Bluff Pottery, Edgefield, South Carolina, circa 1850. Alkaline glaze. Inscribed “LM” for Lewis Miles and marked for capacity with six dots and two slashes. Dave the potter is famous for signing his works “Dave” and often including ...May 7, 2024 ... Daniel Fuller reviews the historical presentation and accountability of the pottery found inHear Me Now: The Black Potters of Old Edgefield…Ovoid with applied strap handle. Stamped "2" with the rest of the jug having incised designs of an owl, heron and stylized... OHIO STONEWARE JUG BY RILEY BRATTON. Newton Township, Muskingham County, Ohio 1816-1888. Ovoid with applied strap handle. Impressed "Riley Bratton". 10.75"h. Edgefield pottery marks, Southern folk pottery is collected chronologically, regionally, by potting family, by individual potter, and type. Chronological divides are: (1) 1840 to 1880; (2) 1880 to 1920; (3) 1920 to 1950; (4) 1950 to 1990; and (5) post-1990. Chronological divides are difficult because many potters worked in more than one period., This article looks at African American potters and Edgefield District pottery, Landrum crosses and Dave’s X, and other Afri-can American marks, in an attempt to interpret the …, May 4, 2017 · Employing a database of pottery marks, this article examines the types of marks employed in the Edgefield District, their locations, their use as indicators of pottery manufacturer or individual ... , Staffordshire pottery marks are typically located on the base of china and resemble a knotted rope with three loops. Initials placed inside the loops and a crown on top help to ide..., district that developed around Edgefield, South Carolina. Enslaved African Americans worked as potters at several of the Edgefield shops, and the most renowned potter of the district was an enslaved African American named Dave, who incorpo rated poetic verse onto some of the pottery he made, as well as other marks including an X and slashes., Dave’s markings are in addition to his proverbs; some archaeologists have argued that eighteenth century handmade pottery was, in fact, made by Native …, Storage jar, Trapp and Chandler Pottery, Edgefield District, South Carolina, 1848–1850. Alkaline-glazed stoneware. H. 11 1/2". Impressed mark: “TRAPP & CHANDLER” (Courtesy, L. C. Lynch; photo, Jan Todd.) By 1848 Chandler was using draped lines with loops beneath, in iron or kaolin slip, as his primary decorative motif., About Edgefield Pottery. The Crossroads of Clay project began in 1981, under the direction of Dr. George D. Terry, then Curator of History and Associate Director of McKissick Museum. The project aimed to research the development and diffusion of the southern alkaline-glazed stoneware potter tradition which virtually died out in South Carolina ..., After the War, Lewis Miles leased one of his Edgefield potteries to three of his former slaves, namely Willis Harrison, Pharaoh Jones, and Mark Miles. (Todd 2008:NP) Others, like Scott and Moss Miles, who may have been Lewis Miles’ former slaves, reportedly worked at the B.F. Landrum pottery., Old Edgefield Pottery, 230 Simkins St., Edgefield, (803) 637-2060. Hours are Tuesday-Saturday, 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Visit Steve Farrell's studio and learn about the history of Edgefield Pottery and the Heritage Corridor. Catawba Cultural Center, 1536 Tom Stevens Road, Rock Hill, (803) 328-2427. , Find prices for EDGEFIELD STONEWARE POTTERY to help when appraising. Instant price guides to discover the market value for EDGEFIELD STONEWARE POTTERY. Research the worth of your items without sending photos or descriptions, Specialties: Phoenix Factory's Old Edgefeld Pottery is the descendant of a two hundred year old pottery tradition in South Carolina. Our museum has pottery from all of Edgefield's famous potters and our Master Potter Justin Guy continues to make pottery from the clays of Edgefield just as they did two centuries ago. Established in 1992. The …, Archaeological evidence suggests this face jug may have been made at Miles Mill Pottery (1867-85), opened by Lewis J. Miles after emancipation and following the closing of his nearby Stony Bluff Manufactory. Face jug by unrecorded Old Edgefield District potter, 1867-85, alkaline-glazed stoneware with kaolin, height 8 inches., Not Edinbane, imo,. Their EP letters are invariably inset rather than raised, although the font is very similar. I believe it’s by Dawn & Terry Hulbert, Edgefield Pottery in Norfolk. They did vary their ep mark although there are some differences in the font compared to yours. https://pin.it/1r2jlSS., Now they have taken center stage in Hear Me Now: The Black Potters of Old Edgefield, South Carolina, an exhilarating exhibition currently at the High Museum of Art through May 12. The exhibition is jointly organized by New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Created by enslaved people from the 1830s …, Are you looking for the top best edgefield pottery marks 2024? We’ll show you helpful reviews and comparisons, so it’s easy to choose. In a world where there are endless choices and overwhelming amounts of information, it can be difficult to know which edgefield pottery marks, Stew pot, Shaw’s Creek Pottery, Edgefield District, South Carolina, 1837–1839. Alkaline-glazed stoneware. H. 8". ... was found by South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology during its survey of alkaline-glazed sites in the Edgefield District in 1988. The mark was found at the Shaw’s Creek/Phoenix Factory site (39AK495) in ..., Stay, Explore, Experience. Built in 1911 as the county poor farm, historic Edgefield is a destination resort in the Pacific Northwest that blends Oregon's natural beauty with McMenamins' signature whimsy. Original buildings have been carefully restored, gardens bloom, great food and drink abound, and entertainment reigns., The term “Edgefield pottery” is used to identify alkaline-glazed stoneware first produced in Edgefield District in the 1810s. Edgefield pottery blends the cultural …, This stunning example of pottery announces the goal of Hear Me Now from the start: to celebrate the enslaved Black potters, known and unknown, of a distinctive, nineteenth-century ceramic tradition in the Old Edgefield District of South Carolina. Dave’s skilled facture of uncommonly large storage jars featuring evocative poetic verses has ... , Enslaved African Americans worked as potters at several of the Edgefield shops, and the most renowned potter of the district was an enslaved African American …, An Edgefield District face jug from the mid-1800s in the collection has an estimated value of $15,000 to $25,000. “There is interest from both museums and private collectors,” Wooten said., What are the marks on Edgefield pottery? The marks on Edgefield pottery were not merely decorative, but held significant meaning. One notable mark found on …, Edgefield Pottery . In 1815, the Landrums established the Edgefield pottery-making district in west-central South Carolina, and by the mid-19th century, the …, David Drake, I made this jar for cash, though it is called lucre trash. Alkaline glaze stoneware, 1857. David Drake (c. 1800 – c. 1870s), also known as "Dave Pottery" and "Dave the Potter," was an American potter and enslaved African American who lived in Edgefield, South Carolina. Drake lived and worked in Edgefield for almost all his life., A pottery mark is a stamp, logo, or signature on a piece of pottery or porcelain. Pottery marks can be found on the bottom of a piece and used to identify the maker, the country of manufacture, and sometimes the date it was made. A few makers used paper labels instead of pottery marks, but these can be tricky to identify., The birthplace of Southeastern Stoneware? Some is considered a "non-translucent porcelain" and rings when struck (see great and noblr jar ch1p3 for more detail). Regarding handles: "Most early Edgefield District potters used strap handles that were rounded in cross section. One exception to this rule was Edgefield potter Thomas Chandler. Chandler used a thinner, ribbed handle that is roughly ..., Look for a Mark. The first step in identifying pottery marks is to carefully examine the piece for any visible marks. These marks can be found on the bottom or the side of the pottery, and they can take the form of a stamp, a symbol, or even a handwritten signature. 2. Take Note of the Style., The Old Edgefield District potteries (which extended across the boundaries of several counties in South Carolina today, including Edgefield) grew strong in part because of natural resources particular to that locale, but also because white manufacturers exploited the unpaid labor of enslaved African men, women, and children originally brought to..., Looking for the best Marks & Spencer pillow for your needs? Check out our comprehensive guide to finding the perfect option. From memory foam to hypoallergenic pillows, we have the..., district that developed around Edgefield, South Carolina. Enslaved African Americans worked as potters at several of the Edgefield shops, and the most renowned potter of the district was an enslaved African American named Dave, who incorpo rated poetic verse onto some of the pottery he made, as well as other marks including an X and slashes., Chipped, cracked, and broken pieces, although still displaying wonderful glazes and shapes can be had for even less. These unmarked, undecorated pieces are ..., Spirit. Each Native American tribe utilizes distinctive pottery marks, representing their unique heritage and traditions. For example, the Hopi tribe’s mark, denoted as ‘A’, signifies life, while the Navajo mark, ‘B’, represents earth. The Pueblo mark, ‘C’, symbolizes water, and the Cherokee mark, ‘D’, embodies spirit.