Fluency wpm chart

1 blank chart for only first & last read. 5-130 wpm chart. 25-150 wpm chart. 50-175 wpm chart. 75-200 wpm chart. Free Level L reading fluency passage. How to Use a Fluency Growth Chart: Ask the student to start at the beginning and read the passage with good fluency while you run a timer for 1 minute. Be sure to emphasize that the student ...

Word Fluency Correct Letter Sounds (NWF CLS) ..... 22 Table 14. Percentile Ranks for Acadience Reading Nonsense Word Fluency Whole Words Read (NWF WWR) ..... 26 Table 15. Percentile Ranks of Acadience Reading Oral Reading Fluency Words Correct (ORF WC)..... 28 Table 16. If you’re wondering what the WPM norms are for your grade level, we like these Fluency Standards charts from Reading A to Z and personally favor Rasinski’s chart (he’s our go … Oral Reading Fluency (ORF) Of the various CBM measures available in reading, ORF is likely the most widely used. ORF involves having students read aloud from an unpracticed passage for one minute. An examiner notes any errors made (words read or pronounced incorrectly, omitted, read out of Unless a person is reading at around. 100+ words per minute, it is going to be difficult for them to retain the words read in a sentence long enough to ...The easyCBM norms are updated on a five-year cycle, our most recent update was completed in the summer of 2020. The norms established for easyCBM should be applicable to students in your school, yes, as the norm group is nationally representative, by design. The easyCBM passages were developed to be of comparable difficulty/readability using a ...Keep in mind that a reading words-per-minute grade-level chart is a simple gauge and just one measurement tool used to identify students’ readiness. Every student learns in a unique way, at his or her own pace. If a child is not at grade level, focus on increasing his or her current score by 10 to 15 words by the end of the year, and then ...The Hasbrouck-Tindal table addresses the oral reading fluency rates of students in grades 1 through 8, as determined by data collected by Jan Hasbrouck and Gerald Tindal. Fluency rates for students in Grades 3 – 6 are shown below. Teachers can use the table to draw conclusions and make decisions about the oral reading fluency of their students.

This freebie includes:2 blank charts1 blank chart for only first & last read5-130 wpm chart25-150 wpm chart50-175 wpm chart75-200 wpm chartFree Level L reading fluency passageHow to Use a Fluency Growth Chart:Ask the student to start at the beginning and read the passage with good fluency while you run a timer for 1 minute. Be sure to ...Write each student's name (with wet-erase markers only) on the name cards. Place them adjacent to the WPM, reflecting students' WPM rate. Students can set goals ...Browse free WPM chart resources on Teachers Pay Teachers, a marketplace trusted by millions of teachers for original educational resources.Teachers measure fluency using the terms ‘WPM’ (Words Per Minute) or “WCPM” (Words Correct Per Minute). Parents are told their child reads ____ per minute. ... Here is Jan Hasbrouck’s fluency chart measuring WCPM, created (2006) and updated (2017): This image is widely available from many sources. Grade 3 fluency norms. With this strategy students can track their progress using a graph. Click to Download. Begin be setting a goal with students. For example, if a student begins by reading early-first-grade text, his final goal might be to read mid-second-grade text at 90 WPM (words per minute). Mark students beginning WPM score on their graph. Motivate students and help them build oral fluency, accuracy, and expression with engaging passages and scripts to read aloud. Fluent readers read more quickly and smoothly, allowing them to focus on comprehension. Fluent readers gain more meaning from the text they read. Because fluency leads to comprehension, fluent readers enjoy … INCLUDED IN THIS DOWNLOAD: Roll & Read Expression Sheets (2) WPM (Words Per Minute) Data Graphs (up to 200 wpm) DETAILS: "Roll & Read Expression Sheets" A great activity for practicing fluency and expression. Print these sheets on cardstock and laminate. Store them with your guided readi Fluency is generally defined as the rate (words per minute), accuracy (number of words correctly identified), and expression with which students read. Fluency is not a stage of development; rather, it changes depending on what students are reading. Readers who normally read at an adequate speed may slow down or re-read text when …

Free printable charts for tracking your students' reading fluency growth. This freebie includes:2 blank charts5-130 wpm chart25-150 wpm chart50-175 wpm chart75-200 wpm chartFree Level L reading fluency passageHow to Use a Fluency Growth Chart:Ask the student to start at the beginning and read the passage with good fluency while you run a …392 441 377 424 376 423 200 200. M E Third grade. Available: https://dibels.uoregon.edu. DIBELS® 8th Edition Benchmark Goals Updated: July 2020. Fourth grade Fifth grade. B M E B M E Oral Reading Fluency (ORF) – Words Correct. 131+ 159+ 159+ 139+ 149+ 157+ 130 158 158 138 148 156. Learn how to use words-correct per-minute (WCPM) procedure to screen, diagnose, and monitor students' reading fluency. Find norms tables, examples, and tips for setting and tracking fluency goals. Fluency reading chart fluent readers below determining table aligned scores consider nguyen jamel lisa let three whoReading fluency data chart for students by cactuscoffeeteach Fluency guided graph wpm timed pupils oralReading words per minute chart teaching resource. How to Improve Reading Fluency in Children - Structured …

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The speed chart below outlines the average speeds for student and adult typists. Elementary School (3rd-5th grade) 8-20 WPM. Middle School (6th-8th grade) 20-30 WPM. High School (9th-12th grade) 30-40 WPM. College/Adult 40+ WPM. Setting the bar on Accuracy... Accuracy is calculated by dividing the number of correct entries by the total number ... This process begins with assessments of the component pieces of fluency: prosody , accuracy, and rate. The exact role of expression and phrasing — or prosody — in fluency and comprehension has not yet been determined, but it certainly is one element that signifies whether or not a student is truly a fluent reader. Keep in mind that a reading words-per-minute grade-level chart is a simple gauge and just one measurement tool used to identify students’ readiness. Every student learns in a unique way, at his or her own pace. If a child is not at grade level, focus on increasing his or her current score by 10 to 15 words by the end of the year, and then ...Two copies of a fluency-monitoring graph. See Handout 4: Fluency Monitoring Over Time. 4: Fluency. Handout 4 | 1 of 2. Grade 4 Reading to Learn Academy. © 2017 ...Fluency reading chart fluent readers below determining table aligned scores consider nguyen jamel lisa let three whoReading fluency data chart for students by cactuscoffeeteach Fluency guided graph wpm timed pupils oralReading words per minute chart teaching resource. How to Improve Reading Fluency in Children - Structured …

Here is a similar chart to my 160 fluency chart. The chart has a space for writing the reading passage. It allows 2 readings of one passage. I've added space to write the Words Correct (WC) and the Errors for each reading. I find that this helps with keeping data for progress monitoring.The Hasbrouck-Tindal table addresses the oral reading fluency rates of students in grades 1 through 8, as determined by data collected by Jan Hasbrouck and Gerald Tindal. …Word Reading Fluency (WRF) Grade 1 Beginning Middle End Letter Naming Fluency (LNF) 42+ 57+ 59+ 32 – 41 51 – 56 53 – 58 –31 0 50 52 Phonemic Segmentation Fluency (PSF) 47+ 57+ 61+ 31 – 46 43 – 56 45 – 60 19 – 30 34 – 42 37 – 44 0 – 18 0 – 33 0 – 36 Nonsense Word Fluency (NWF) – Correct Letter Sounds (CLS) ...Fountas & Pinnell Recommended Oral Reading Rates Chart. PDF | 26 KB | Fountas and Pinnell. This resource gives the expected oral reading rates (words per minute) at grade …Chart (2017 Update) | Reading RocketsTitle: Words Per Minute Fluency Chart Author: www.wakati.co-2020-1 0-25T00:00:00+00:01 Subject: Words Per Minute Fluency Chart Keywords: words, per, minute, fluency, chartWords Per Minute Fluency Chart - wakati.coA words-per-minute grade level chart is an easy way to see at a glance the …Fluency is the ability to read text accurately, quickly and with expression. ... for basic comprehension is around 90–100 words per minute ... Then they record ...Fluency is the ability to read text accurately, quickly and with expression. ... for basic comprehension is around 90–100 words per minute ... Then they record ... Fountas & Pinnell Recommended Oral Reading Rates Chart. This resource gives the expected oral reading rates (words per minute) at grade and instructional levels. The full version of this resource requires registration. View more Fountas & Pinnell Literacy™ resources in the Resource Library. Track your students' words per minute growth with these free Reading Fluency Charts. Three blank charts are included with the following words per minute (wpm) ranges: • 5 …Find the mean oral reading fluency (WCPM) scores for grades 1-6 based on a 2017 study by Hasbrouck and Tindal. Learn how to use ORF for screening, progress monitoring, and goal setting for struggling readers.We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.

Words-Per-Minute; 1st Grade (Spring) 6-7 years old: 53 – 111 wpm: 2nd Grade (Spring) 7-8 years old: 89 – 149 wpm: 3rd Grade (Spring) 8-9 years old: 107 – 162 wpm: 4th Grade …

May sound choppy, with pauses or errors. Some attention is given to punctuation. Sounds like natural language, but has some choppiness. Usually pays attention to punctuation. Errors are self-corrected quickly and smoothly. Reads expressively throughout most of text. Words flow smoothly and naturally, and meaning is clear.Reading fluency oral grade per minute words wpm level scale read correct school chart bing hacks 2ndFluency chart reading norms oral tindal hasbrouck grade data per minute words wcpm school orf literacy portfolio correct readingrockets choose Words per minute fluency tracking student graph by literacy for big kidsReading fluency assessment ...Fluency Chart. Authors: Jan Hasbrouck, Gerald Tindal. Quick reference chart helps teachers identify readers who need fluency support, set goals, and track progress.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Because of their rhyme, repetition, and other language clues, pattern books are often refferred to as decodable or predictable books and recommended for developing fluency in beginning readers., Reading fluency is typically measured by calculating (WPM) and using a rubric to assess factors …Three blank charts are included with the following words per minute (wpm) ranges:• 5-120 wpm• 40-180 wpm• 100-250 wpmThe various wpm ranges provide flexibility so students within the same grade-level can have a chart that … INCLUDED IN THIS DOWNLOAD: Roll & Read Expression Sheets (2) WPM (Words Per Minute) Data Graphs (up to 200 wpm) DETAILS: "Roll & Read Expression Sheets" A great activity for practicing fluency and expression. Print these sheets on cardstock and laminate. Store them with your guided readi Hasbrouck and Tindal Oral Reading Fluency Data 2017 Author: Read Naturally Inc. Subject: The Hasbrouck-Tindal oral reading fluency chart lists oral reading fluency norms for grades 1-6. Use this to determine who needs a fluency intervention. Created Date: 5/11/2020 12:15:12 PMThe speed chart below outlines the average speeds for student and adult typists. Elementary School (3rd-5th grade) 8-20 WPM. Middle School (6th-8th grade) 20-30 WPM. High School (9th-12th grade) 30-40 WPM. College/Adult 40+ WPM. Setting the bar on Accuracy... Accuracy is calculated by dividing the number of correct entries by the total number ...Average Reading Speed (WPM) by Age and Grade Level. Preview. 7 hours ago Average Reading Speed by Age and Grade Level. The chart below includes the average reading fluency rates by grade level and age. Grade Level and Age. Words-Per-Minute. 1st Grade (Spring) 6-7 years old. 53 – 111 wpm. 2nd Grade (Spring) 7-8 years old.. See Also: …

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1 blank chart for only first & last read. 5-130 wpm chart. 25-150 wpm chart. 50-175 wpm chart. 75-200 wpm chart. Free Level L reading fluency passage. How to Use a Fluency Growth Chart: Ask the student to start at the beginning and read the passage with good fluency while you run a timer for 1 minute. Be sure to emphasize that the student ...These ELA Reading Fluency Assessments are the perfect tool for progress monitoring your Kindergarten, First, Second & Third Grade readers. Use these reading passage assessments to quickly & effectively determine student reading levels, and gather data on accuracy, miscues and fluency. Levels Included in this Resource~ K-3:Fountas & …National Oral Reading Fluency Norms (All and 50th Percentile) Author: Jan Hasbrouck and Read Naturally Inc. Subject: The Hasbrouck-Tindal oral reading fluency chart lists oral reading fluency norms for grades 1-8. Use this to determine who needs a fluency intervention. Created Date: 8/20/2010 3:47:56 PMminute (wpm) in the Home Practice section. b. Your child will read the story a 2 nd time to practice using punctuation when reading and to develop ...This anchor chart, posted by a middle school teacher, helps students self-evaluate their fluency skills. 15. Fluency Posters. SOURCE: One Extra Degree. If you prefer pre-designed anchor charts, you’ll love this whimsical set (for only $2) that includes one poster each for accuracy, phrasing, pacing, and expression. 16. Froggy Fluency The aimswebPlus measures for students in Grades 2 through 8 are Reading Comprehension (RC), Oral Reading Fluency (ORF), Silent Reading Fluency (SRF), and Vocabulary (VO). The tasks, scoring criteria, and administration times for these measures are found in Table 1. Table 1 Measure Descriptions Measure What students do Score Admin time Reading ... Use the following scales to rate reader fluency on the dimensions of expression and volume, phrasing, smoothness, and pace.Scores range from 4 to 16. Generally, scores below 8 indicate that fluency may be a concern. Scores of 8 or above indicate that the student is making good progress in fluency. Dimension.This one is a typing test that expresses your typing skills in words per minute. The more you practice typing, and the more you test your typing speed, the higher your WPM score will be. Some online typing tests and typing test games focus only on WPM typing. The disadvantage of the WPM typing test is that you are only learning how to type fast. ….

Words Per Minute (WPM) Grade Fall Winter Spring; 1: 0-10: 10-50: 30-90: 2: 30-80: 50-100: 70-130: 3: 50-110: 70-120: 80-140: 4: 70-120: 80-130: 90-140: 5: 80-130: 90-140: 100 …The chart below tells what tests should be administered. The goal is for mastery at each grade level. Take your Core Phonics results, and teach from UFLI! Houghton Mifflin Grades 1-6 Section 1 is Phonemic Awareness and Phonics and Decoding. Section 2 is about comprehension, decoding, and fluency. Wonders Fluency. These are fluency …Fluency Tracker {Progress Monitoring Goal Setting} I had used a goal tracking bulletin board for many years to keep track of our fluency goals. When I redid my room, I unfortunately didn’t have the space for it anymore. For the last couple of years I wasn’t able to keep track of our goals in a visible way. I noticed that my kids were not as ...The speed chart below outlines the average speeds for student and adult typists. Elementary School (3rd-5th grade) 8-20 WPM. Middle School (6th-8th grade) 20-30 WPM. High School (9th-12th grade) 30-40 WPM. College/Adult 40+ WPM. Setting the bar on Accuracy... Accuracy is calculated by dividing the number of correct entries by the total number ...Teaching Timesavers. 5.0. (6) $1.00. Word Document File. This is a chart to track student fluency data based on the Dibels/Amplify/Wireless Generation materials. The data is based on the number of words read per minute. There's a spot for student name, goals, dates, and title of assessment passage. Subjects:Legend. Blue goal = Core support; Negligible risk (nearly all students in this range score at or above the 40th percentile rank on criterion measure) Green range = Core support; Minimal risk Bold = the minimum score needed for core support (about 80% of students who score at or above the 40th percentile rank on criterion measure fall in this ...Free printable charts for tracking your students' reading fluency growth. This freebie includes:2 blank charts5-130 wpm chart25-150 wpm chart50-175 wpm chart75-200 wpm chartFree Level L reading fluency passageHow to Use a Fluency Growth Chart:Ask the student to start at the beginning and read the passage with good fluency while you run …Reading Grade-Level Comparison Chart Oral reading Fluency 1st 6,8 10,12,14 16 8th 99 & below 100-299 300 & above 299 & below 300-499 500 & above 499 & below 500-599 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th ... The table below shows the mean oral reading fluency of students in grades 1 through 8 as determined by Hasbrouck and Tindal's data. You Fluency wpm chart, CBM. (Curriculum Based Measurement ) CBM is the method of monitoring student progress through direct, continuous assessment of basic skills. CBM is used to assess reading fluency skills and comprehension. CBM is an approved and standardized assessment practice based on over 25 years of scientific research. Reading Fluency Rates of Growth., Thus, you should aim for a typing speed of at least 40 WPM to keep up a standard level of efficiency at work. For some professions, the standards are higher. To land a job as a personal or executive assistant, …, Description. This chart is used to graph student's bi-monthly oral reading fluency (words per minute) and their percent accuracy. It goes up to 300 words per minute and counts by 20. It's great for students to keep a copy so they can get a visual of how well they are doing with their fluency as well as a data sheet for the teacher to use during ..., Nov 10, 2022 · The speed chart below outlines the average speeds for student and adult typists. Elementary School (3rd-5th grade) 8-20 WPM. Middle School (6th-8th grade) 20-30 WPM. High School (9th-12th grade) 30-40 WPM. College/Adult 40+ WPM. Setting the bar on Accuracy... Accuracy is calculated by dividing the number of correct entries by the total number ... , Free printable charts for tracking your students' reading fluency growth. This freebie includes:2 blank charts5-130 wpm chart25-150 wpm chart50-175 wpm chart75-200 wpm chartFree Level L reading fluency passageHow to Use a Fluency Growth Chart:Ask the student to start at the beginning and read the passage with good fluency while you run a …, The speed chart below outlines the average speeds for student and adult typists. Elementary School (3rd-5th grade) 8-20 WPM. Middle School (6th-8th grade) 20-30 WPM. High School (9th-12th grade) 30-40 WPM. College/Adult 40+ WPM. Setting the bar on Accuracy... Accuracy is calculated by dividing the number of correct entries by the …, Goal. The goal for the beginning of 3rd grade is that children can read 80-90 words a minute. By the end of the year they will build up to reading 120 words a minute. Fluency also means the reader can read the same way as they talk, using expression and changing their voice to reflect what is happening in the story., 100-Words Conversion Chart [5/2/07] 50-words conversion chart [5/16/17] Fluency Criteria Sheet [6/28/22] Fluency Criteria Sheet - Parent Version [6/28/22] Text Correspondence Chart [1/19/24] Leveled Dolch Word List. Lined Writing Paper. Suggested comprehension questions bookmark for UURC Steps students., Skills at a glance. mCLASS includes benchmark, progress monitoring and dyslexia screening measures in English and Spanish that are predictive of long-term reading success and detect the critical early warning signs of dyslexia risk. Together, mCLASS DIBELS Ⓡ 8th Edition and mCLASS Lectura identify whether a student is at risk due to a ..., In 1992, the authors collaborated to develop a set of norms for oral reading fluency for grades 2–5. Since then, interest in and awareness of fluency has greatly increased, and Hasbrouck and Tindal have collaborated further to compile an updated and expanded set of norms for grades 1–8., The speed chart below outlines the average speeds for student and adult typists. Elementary School (3rd-5th grade) 8-20 WPM. Middle School (6th-8th grade) 20-30 WPM. High School (9th-12th grade) 30-40 WPM. College/Adult 40+ WPM. Setting the bar on Accuracy... Accuracy is calculated by dividing the number of correct entries by the total number ..., With this strategy students can track their progress using a graph. Click to Download. Begin be setting a goal with students. For example, if a student begins by reading early-first-grade text, his final goal might be to read mid-second-grade text at 90 WPM (words per minute). Mark students beginning WPM score on their graph., Description. This chart is used to graph student's bi-monthly oral reading fluency (words per minute) and their percent accuracy. It goes up to 300 words per minute and counts by 20. It's great for students to keep a copy so they can get a visual of how well they are doing with their fluency as well as a data sheet for the teacher to use during ..., Fountas & Pinnell Recommended Oral Reading Rates Chart. This resource gives the expected oral reading rates (words per minute) at grade and instructional levels. The full version of this resource requires registration. View more Fountas & Pinnell Literacy™ resources in the Resource Library. , Chart fluency wpm reading teacherspayteachers grade words tracker read choose boardFluency norms oral Reading fluency chart teaching resourcesPin on comprehension resources. Pin by cristy wagner on schoolA teacher's guide to fluency Fluency chart teach when slideshare upcomingPin by denise bakkum on 3rd grade …, May sound choppy, with pauses or errors. Some attention is given to punctuation. Sounds like natural language, but has some choppiness. Usually pays attention to punctuation. Errors are self-corrected quickly and smoothly. Reads expressively throughout most of text. Words flow smoothly and naturally, and meaning is clear., 1. Find your average Words Per Minute for today and record this number in the far right column of the Oral Fluency Chart. (To ind the average, add the WPM numbers and divide by 2.) 2. Transfer the average WPM number to the chart under the Fluency Rate Line Graph. Plot a point on the graph directly above that number to represent your Words Per ..., Hasbrouck & Tindal Oral Reading Fluency Data. This table shows the oral reading fluency rates of students in grades 1 through 8, based on an extensive study conducted by Jan Hasbrouck and Gerald Tindal. The results of their study are published in a technical report entitled, "Oral Reading Fluency: 90 Years of Measurement," which is available on ..., Free printable charts for tracking your students' reading fluency growth. This freebie includes:2 blank charts5-130 wpm chart25-150 wpm chart50-175 wpm chart75-200 wpm chartFree Level L reading fluency passageHow to Use a Fluency Growth Chart:Ask the student to start at the beginning and read the passage with good fluency while you run a …, Jan Hasbrouck. Learn what reading fluency is, why it is critical to make sure that students have sufficient fluency, how we should assess fluency, and how to best provide practice and support for all students. Home. Reading Topics A-Z. Assessment and Evaluation. Understanding and Assessing Fluency., While the student is reading, listen for the 4 categories of fluent reading – 1) Expression/Volume, 2) Phrasing, 3) Smoothness, and 4) Pace. When the student is finished reading, score each of the 4 categories as 1, 2, 3, or 4, then sum the four numbers to arrive at a single score between 4 and 16., Fluency Passages. Fluency refers to a student's speed, smoothness, and ease of oral reading. Fluent readers read more quickly and can skip decoding in favor of comprehension. In addition, fluent readers enjoy reading more than students who read haltingly. Reading A-Z's Fluency Assessment Passages help students practice oral fluency and accuracy., National Oral Reading Fluency Norms (All and 50th Percentile) Author: Jan Hasbrouck and Read Naturally Inc. Subject: The Hasbrouck-Tindal oral reading fluency chart lists oral reading fluency norms for grades 1-8. Use this to determine who needs a fluency intervention. Created Date: 8/20/2010 3:47:56 PM, Introduction. The aimswebPlus® Early Literacy measures are a set of brief, individually administered, standardized measures for children in Kindergarten and Grade 1. These measures are designed for the universal screening or benchmarking of entire student classrooms at the beginning, middle, and end of the school year., Sep 26, 2023 ... I think it's important to start with clarifying that we recommend using the easyCBM norms, rather than the Hasbrouck and Tindal norms ..., We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us., I created this Fluency Chart for my fifth grade students who were surpassing the 140 wpm that my previous fluency chart had. It's a pretty basic format. It is intended for reading one passage two times. It has space for writing the passage title, words read correctly, and errors. 2,615 Downloads. Fluency Chart- up to 160 wpm., Since then, interest in and awareness of fluency has greatly increased, and Hasbrouck and Tindal have collaborated further to compile an updated and expanded set of norms for grades 1–8. This article discusses the application of these norms to three important assessment activities related to improving students' reading achievement:, The easyCBM norms are updated on a five-year cycle, our most recent update was completed in the summer of 2020. The norms established for easyCBM should be applicable to students in your school, yes, as the norm group is nationally representative, by design. Last Updated: January 3rd, 2023. Filed under: FAQ., Ask the student to start at the beginning and read the passage with good fluency while you run a timer for 1 minute. Be sure to emphasize that the student should do their best reading, not that they should read fast. Count the number of correct words read in a minute and color in the score in the Day 1 column. Repeat again on Day 2, 3, and 4. , National Oral Reading Fluency Norms (All and 50th Percentile) Author: Jan Hasbrouck and Read Naturally Inc. Subject: The Hasbrouck-Tindal oral reading fluency chart lists oral reading fluency norms for grades 1-8. Use this to determine who needs a fluency intervention. Created Date: 8/20/2010 3:47:56 PM, This freebie includes:2 blank charts1 blank chart for only first & last read5-130 wpm chart25-150 wpm chart50-175 wpm chart75-200 wpm chartFree Level L reading fluency passageHow to Use a Fluency Growth Chart:Ask the student to start at the beginning and read the passage with good fluency while you run a timer for 1 minute. Be sure to ..., Teachers measure fluency using the terms ‘WPM’ (Words Per Minute) or “WCPM” (Words Correct Per Minute). Parents are told their child reads ____ per minute. ... Here is Jan Hasbrouck’s fluency chart measuring WCPM, created (2006) and updated (2017): This image is widely available from many sources. Grade 3 fluency norms.